On 3 January, the United States assassinated senior Iranian military official Qasem Soleimani, in Iraq. For about two decades, he headed the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’s Quds Force, which oversees…

In the conventional understanding of national sovereignty, a country protects its legitimate and internationally-accepted territories on land, air and sea. These three are ‘tangible’ domains where the state can deploy…

Electronic warfare (EW) is gearing up in South Asia and the analysts are opining about the greater role of India in it, coupling it with cyber warfare (CW). The threat,…

The concept of ‘cyberspace’ is understood differently in Pakistan at public and private levels. Some view it purely as an operational domain, in the strictest military sense of the term,…