When viewed under the international conflict dynamics, the Kashmir issue can be understood to have undergone three chronological phases: International, bilateral, and regional. However, it is hard to say whether…

The ethnic and religious composition of the disputed territory of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) has remained central to the decades-old conflict, primarily because the Kashmir independence movement stands on the…

The modern nation state system is understood as a political system comprising numerous states, big and small, divided across national identities through physical boundaries that cannot be transcended outside the…

For more than six months, the Indian-held Kashmir (IHK) has remained in a lockdown.  Indian authorities have committed mass crimes in the held valley which legally constitute as international crimes….