From the military perspective, the Operational Environment (OE) refers to a combination of conditions, variables and circumstances that can impact a decision-making process and the ability to employ force capabilities….

The modern nation state system is understood as a political system comprising numerous states, big and small, divided across national identities through physical boundaries that cannot be transcended outside the…

For more than six months, the Indian-held Kashmir (IHK) has remained in a lockdown.  Indian authorities have committed mass crimes in the held valley which legally constitute as international crimes….

Policymaking in Pakistan does not always follow strictly linear paths. Fairness demands a deeper analysis of PTI’s performance to determine whether it is tailored toward applying pressure on India for…

Pakistan’s strategic location is routinely touted by government functionaries and observers across the world to describe its distinct geographic resource value in terms of trade, connectivity, and security. In retrospect,…

A couple of days ago, Syed Ali Geelani in his letter to Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan asked Pakistan to withdraw from peace pacts with India. He also urged Khan…

Pakistan has always been left with tough choices in its longstanding bilateral relations of shared ambitions and mutual interests; such is the case of its relation with the two Middle…

The history of the world is stocked with examples of great powers who once believed in some mythical manifest destiny, who once believe stringently that conquering of the world is…

Pakistan’s National Cadet Corps (NCC) has remained a branch of the Pakistan Army as a program run under the Pakistan National Guard and acting as a reserve force from 1948….

The extension of COAS General Qamar Javed Bajwa recalls the memory of the former Army Chief given an extension. Back then, the impetus of such a decision was different than…