In recent years, Pakistan and Turkey have developed robust military cooperation, particularly in the naval sector. This collaboration is characterised by the periodic conduct of joint naval exercises, acquisition of…

When floods devastated Pakistan in the summer of 2022, some well-informed commentators argued that many of the problems with the country’s water management sector originated in the 19th century. A…

Bilateral relations among states adhere to the rule of reciprocity. The principle of reciprocity is devoid of transgression, either overtly or covertly, into the matters of other nation-states. Even though…

The suppression of local voices in Pakistan is primarily the result of two different forms of colonialism, which might be described as external colonialism and “internal colonialism.” External colonialism refers…