By next year, China aims to have the capability to track the social behaviour of its 1.4 billion population under a complex infrastructure of social credit systems (SCS) through modern…

Pakistan’s National Cadet Corps (NCC) has remained a branch of the Pakistan Army as a program run under the Pakistan National Guard and acting as a reserve force from 1948….

Since 2005, more than 320 state-sponsored cyber operations have been conducted. The ever-increasing rate of cyber operations has raised the prospects of cyber conflicts. With more than 30 states having…

Cyber-nuclear separatism is reasonable as far as one sees it through the prism of labor division as a matter of their expertise, but it undermines nuclear deterrence under cyber-intensive conditions….

Advancements in the field of Information and Technology have transformed every aspect of human life; politically, socially, economically and culturally. Despite its advantages, made use of by the common man…

Pakistan and India have been confronting each other as arch rivals since 1947 at many fronts. These confrontations have been on conventional warfare grounds. Both countries have been at the…

In nearly 72 years of an antagonistic relationship, the two nuclear-armed neighbours have engaged militarily four times in addition to a number of skirmishes and military stand-offs. However, the recent…

In recent years, several states have developed cyber capabilities being used against rival states. The rapid weaponisation of cyberspace has entered the fifth domain of warfare wherein states engage in…

In recent years, states have increased their capabilities in cyber domain to conduct attacks to harm other states. New York Times’ David Sanger in his book ‘The Perfect Weapon: War,…

The latest National Internal Security Policy (NISP) for the first time emphasizes about securing cyberspace. It is the first policy document which stresses on securing the cyber domain by proposing…